Angela MacLeod's Posts - Transition Whatcom2024-03-28T18:06:18ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeodhttp://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2197508244?profile=RESIZE_48X48&width=48&height=48&crop=1%3A1http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profiles/blog/feed?user=0f90ixxqejp02&xn_auth=no13. Swales 3 months After Installationtag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-09-20:2723460:BlogPost:930062013-09-20T18:28:24.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>Swale sunflower at dawn:</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477446?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477446?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></a> This post is a series of photos showing the swales and the progression of shaping and cover crop growth over the 3 months since installation (End of June).</p>
<p>There will be 3 consecutive photos of each swale. at 2 weeks, at 6 weeks and at 3 months.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 2 weeks:</p>
<p><img class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482313?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 6…</p>
<p>Swale sunflower at dawn:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477446?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477446?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a>This post is a series of photos showing the swales and the progression of shaping and cover crop growth over the 3 months since installation (End of June).</p>
<p>There will be 3 consecutive photos of each swale. at 2 weeks, at 6 weeks and at 3 months.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 2 weeks:</p>
<p><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482313?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 6 weeks:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482721?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482721?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 3 months:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483520?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483520?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p><strong>Swale 2</strong> at 2 weeks:</p>
<p><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483819?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 2 at 6 weeks:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484410?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484410?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
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<p>Swale 2 at 3 months:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231488290?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231488290?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>This photo was taken after the first significant rains saturated the dry earth. It was exciting to go see the swale ditches after the rain.....not much had accumulated in swale 1. It will be interesting to see what it's like after the usual weeks and weeks of rain through fall, and winter.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231489647?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231489647?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>12. The Swales 6 Weeks After Installationtag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-08-12:2723460:BlogPost:927722013-08-12T15:47:46.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>Since finishing the swale installation we have had dry weather. So I have been watering the newly planted covercrops and grass on the swales. I also continued shaping the berms, ditches and spillways.</p>
<p>The following is a series of photos showing the changes. The first photo in each set was taken at 2 weeks after the initial installation. The 2nd photo in each set shows 6 weeks after installation.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 2 weeks:</p>
<p><img class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482313?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 6…</p>
<p>Since finishing the swale installation we have had dry weather. So I have been watering the newly planted covercrops and grass on the swales. I also continued shaping the berms, ditches and spillways.</p>
<p>The following is a series of photos showing the changes. The first photo in each set was taken at 2 weeks after the initial installation. The 2nd photo in each set shows 6 weeks after installation.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 2 weeks:</p>
<p><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482313?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 1 at 6 weeks:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482721?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482721?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Swale 2 at 2 weeks:</p>
<p><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483819?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></p>
<p></p>
<p>Swale 2 at 6 weeks:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484410?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484410?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>The spillway (connects swale 1 and 2) at the beginning:</p>
<p><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231487853?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></p>
<p></p>
<p>The same spillway at 6 weeks:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231488218?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231488218?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231490881?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231490881?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>11. The Swales 2 weeks after installationtag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-07-18:2723460:BlogPost:921322013-07-18T19:19:21.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>It's been about 2-1/2 weeks since we finished the swale installation at our place.</p>
<p>Since then I have continued to shape the swale ditches, spillways and berms. And planted grass seed in the ditches. I've made the angle of the ditch walls wider so it will be easier to scythe the grass that grows on it later.</p>
<p>A deer got in and ate most of the leaves off the little apple tree that David planted. I hope it can recover.</p>
<p>For one of the spillways I carved a shallow serpentine…</p>
<p>It's been about 2-1/2 weeks since we finished the swale installation at our place.</p>
<p>Since then I have continued to shape the swale ditches, spillways and berms. And planted grass seed in the ditches. I've made the angle of the ditch walls wider so it will be easier to scythe the grass that grows on it later.</p>
<p>A deer got in and ate most of the leaves off the little apple tree that David planted. I hope it can recover.</p>
<p>For one of the spillways I carved a shallow serpentine path in it's bed to slow the water flow when it spills over. For the other spillway I plan to use larger rocks placed in the bed of the spillway (alternating one side then the other) to slow the water in that one. When the heavy rains come, I look forward to seeing how the water moves through the spillways when (and if) the swale ditches fill and over flow into them. That will help us determine if we need to raise or lower the spillways or further shape the swale ditches to more effectively channel the water.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Another step is to figure out what kind of perennial plants to add to the swale berms. Right now we have cover crop of rye, oat, crimson clover, sunflower, and vetch. These are for preventing erosion, crowding out weeds, adding nitrogen to the soil and for biomass. (did I forget any other purposes???). We have a few blueberry bushes, the one apple tree, a couple of Sea Buckthorne, a Josta berry bush and a few annuals. (I'm probably forgetting something). However there is still a lot of space where there is nothing but the temporary cover crop.</p>
<p>The ideal thing is to have a thick multi-layering of perennials....low, medium and tall growing plants. Some food bearing, some to enhance soil and provide habitat for beneficial insects and animals. We need to do some more research on this one. One factor is that I don't want too high a planting as that would block the view through the property that I love so much.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Here are some photos of the swales 2+ weeks after, with the cover crop growth:</p>
<p>First this is a reminder view of before the cover crop was sprouting up....the seeds had just been planted and are covered with hay in this shot:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477516?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477516?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Here's a shot of the same swale (different angle though), with the cover crop coming up and further down on the right you can see how I shaved the side of the ditch to have a wider angle and the grass seed is coming up all nice and green.</p>
<p>Small apple tree on the left with fewer leaves due to deer nibblings:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482313?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231482313?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Here's a view of the other swale. On the right you can see the cover crop coming up on the berm. On the left you can see the grass coming up on the left side of the ditch. And further to the left you can see a beginning of a raised bed made out of the sod and top soil that came out of the swale:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483819?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483819?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>And now for something sweet:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484713?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484713?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Sweet peas surrounded by Kale:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231493828?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231493828?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>10. Swales: Reframing a "Problem" and Cultivating Love:tag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-07-02:2723460:BlogPost:916562013-07-02T17:30:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>Initially there was a "problem"...too much water in the landscape. And I wanted to get rid of some of this water so we could expand our growing season on better drained soil. Through this process of designing and creating swales I've changed my perspective and don't see the water as a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">"problem" to be exported</span>. Brian has taught that it's more a matter of working with the resource in a way that maximizes it's many attributes through gently…</p>
<p>Initially there was a "problem"...too much water in the landscape. And I wanted to get rid of some of this water so we could expand our growing season on better drained soil. Through this process of designing and creating swales I've changed my perspective and don't see the water as a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">"problem" to be exported</span>. Brian has taught that it's more a matter of working with the resource in a way that maximizes it's many attributes through gently shaping it's expressions in the land. At the same time I've learned about more than just the water in our property. We looked at all the relationships between the water and the other aspects of the land-life. Perhaps this is an important metaphor, to take what appears to be a problem and reframe it as a resource with attributes that to be engaged.</p>
<p>I've learned that the excess water also carries <strong><span style="color: #008000;">nutrients</span></strong>. So to divert or shunt it off the land quickly would also lose out on the nutrients it carries. Making swales in a more winding path through the property <strong><span style="color: #008000;">slows it down</span></strong> and retains more of the nutrients, distributing them through the soil-life-web and to the plants.</p>
<p>The swales <strong><span style="color: #008000;">spread</span></strong> and <span style="color: #008000;"><strong>sink</strong></span> the water as it moves through the land. We have intensely compacted clay soil here just under the top soil. In breaking up some of that clay and creating sink holes and hugelculture, we help the water sink below the topsoil thus giving better drainage for the growing beds. At the same time that water is then stored in the spongy hugelculture and sink holes to be reabsorbed by the beds above when there is less precipitation (summer).</p>
<p>We've learned about the <strong><span style="color: #008000;">elevation changes</span></strong> in our landscape and the <span style="color: #008000;"><strong>soil compositions</strong></span> in the area we worked. It's so interesting to see the color and texture changes as the ditch for the swales was excavated. It made a lot more sense why the top soil was so soggy for much of the year. The water would sink down through the top soil and hit that compacted clay and would just sit there being held in the topsoil unable to sink deeper. Or it would just slowly sheet over the clay layer, through the top soil and eventually go to the low point (becoming a pond in the really wet season).</p>
<p>Having access to a topographical map of the elevation contour lines on our property, as well as the adjacent properties, allowed us to see where water comes from in addition to the direct rain water from above our land. Where the elevation is higher next door, we could assume that we "inherit" some of the neighbors' water. We took this into account when determining where to put the swales and the hugelculture.</p>
<p>Swales create more <span style="color: #008000;"><strong>edges</strong></span>. There is more <strong><span style="color: #008000;">diversity</span></strong> of life on all levels at the edges, where one aspect meets and relates to a different aspect. Swales increase <span style="color: #008000;"><strong>relationships</strong></span> between <span style="color: #000000;">organisms, land and plants</span>.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #008000;">Curves</span></strong>. Almost all swales are curving in shape, because they follow the curving contours of the earth. To me curves are more interesting, energizing and beautiful than straight lines. Though this might seem like a trivial feature, it is super important to my soul. Since I started changing our straight lined boxed beds to curving raised beds I've felt a surge of energy and a change in my mood. This gives me lots more motivation to get out there and work (play), in the garden.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477516?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477516?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480282?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480282?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Swales would be an excellent system in a dryer climate where you want to maximize the water if it is scarce. Living here in the northwest where water is abundant, you might think swales would not be so useful. Some of the points I've outlined above show that there are many ways that swales can be of benefit in any climate. <br/> (And remember last summer in this area? The 3 to 4 months in a row with no rain!!)</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #008000;">Versatility</span></strong>. The concept of swale systems is applicable to any size plot of land. From many acres to the smallest urban yard.</p>
<p>Though not about swales, I have learned a bit about <strong><span style="color: #008000;">succession planting</span></strong>. At first when Brian suggested that the berm part of the swales be planted in perennials - especially nitrogen fixers, trees and bushes - I was afraid that would take up too much of the space I envision for annual food plants and that they might cast shade on where the annual beds would be. But over time, listening to Brian explain, I began to understand the idea of succession planting and to think in terms of a series of stages using different plantings that protect and build the soil.... That we can plant things with the intention and expectation that they will serve a purpose and then be removed later to be replaced by other types of planting. This is still new to me so I need to study more.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #993366;">Intimacy</span></strong> with and <strong><span style="color: #ff00ff;">affection</span></strong> for the land. This might be the most cherished outcome of this project of swale making. Through every aspect of this project I've gotten to know our land in ways that make it come alive to me. Intamacy comes through working with it, struggling over it, being confused by the problems that crop up, physically toiling over it. Asking for outside help from others and engaging in community-building through the construction process....Touching, smelling and breathing the soil life. Imagining our future together...Making something of beauty with it....All the ways that you develop an intimate connection with someone or something, have been happening with the land in this swale making project.</p>
<p></p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480375?profile=original"><img class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480375?profile=original" width="480"/></a></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><img src="https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&ik=d470ed69b6&view=att&th=13f7be7a6c96275f&attid=0.1.3&disp=emb&zw&atsh=1" height="640" width="480"/></p>
<p></p>
<p>We plan to keep a photo journal of the swale system here through the seasons and over the coming years. We'll post updates here on Transition Whatcom occasionally.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>9. Finishing the Swalestag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-07-01:2723460:BlogPost:916532013-07-01T17:00:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>Yesterday we finished constructing the swales. The morning's project included moving gravel, filling and finishing off the sink holes with soil so they were level with the rest of the swale ditch. We got an early start as we knew it would be a hot day. We were joined by Jerry Schuster, Laura Sellens and Keith Marteny. Thanks you guys for lending your strength and lively spirits to the work. Here's how the morning went:</p>
<p>First Brian and David made "socks" out of landscape fabric to…</p>
<p>Yesterday we finished constructing the swales. The morning's project included moving gravel, filling and finishing off the sink holes with soil so they were level with the rest of the swale ditch. We got an early start as we knew it would be a hot day. We were joined by Jerry Schuster, Laura Sellens and Keith Marteny. Thanks you guys for lending your strength and lively spirits to the work. Here's how the morning went:</p>
<p>First Brian and David made "socks" out of landscape fabric to line the sink holes:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231492894?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231492894?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Next Brian explains how we'll fill the sock-lined holes:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231493431?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231493431?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Here's what one of the sink holes looks like with the "sock" and some of the 2 inch gravel. The landscape fabric will let water through but not soil or silt, This is the "sink" that will store water and let it percolate out as needed by the surrounding soil:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231494316?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231494316?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Laura shovels gravel into the wheel barrow. It's already getting hot!:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231494662?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231494662?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Carefully pouring and guiding the gravel into the sink hole:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231495081?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231495081?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Keith tamps the sinkhole that has been topped with soil so it's level with the rest of the swale ditch:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231495330?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231495330?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>David topping another sinkhole with soil:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231496413?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231496413?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Brian explains how the spillway works and gets a little more shaping done:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231497952?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231497952?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>
<p>And viewing the same spillway from the other direction, Jerry is fanning out the raised area near the spillway:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231498766?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231498766?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Here's one swale with the sink holes filed:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231499633?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231499633?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>And here's the other swale with the sink hole filled:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231500052?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231500052?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>
<p>After this work was done we sat together under the willow tree and had the lunch I'd prepared. (forgot to take a photo).</p>
<p>Keetah knows how to take it easy:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231512472?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231512472?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Thanks Brian, Laura, Keith and Jerry!</p>
<p>Oh and Yes, there is more to do on the swales but the bulk of the work is done. We'll be keeping a photo journal of how the swales develop, what we plant and how they do in the rainy seasons. Here's a list of what else we'll be doing over the months and years:</p>
<p></p>
<p>*<strong>Further shaping</strong> (smoothing and rounding) the edges of the ditches and berms.</p>
<p>*<strong>Planting</strong> more perennials on the berms. (I'm just beginning to learn how to use succession plantings to enrich the soil over time).</p>
<p>*<strong>Planting</strong> grass seed on the shallow sloping sides of the ditches. This grass will later be cut with the scythe and used as biomass to add to the garden beds which are still too much clay.</p>
<p>*<strong>Shaping</strong> the spill ways and adding rock to further slow the water when it spills over.</p>
<p>*Creating <strong>raised</strong> <strong>beds</strong> between the swales for growing annuals. Since the soil is so heavy in clay, this will take a couple years of using <strong>cover crops</strong>, <strong>adding sand and biomass</strong>, and allowing <strong>soil microbes</strong> to increase in population and do their "magic".</p>
<p>*Setting up <strong>worm "nurseries"</strong> on the beds between the swales to improve soil.</p>
<p>*<strong>Watching</strong> the swales in the rainy season to see how the water collects and moves through them. That will be the final test as to how they are working and will give us feedback on where we need to fine tune (shape the swales).</p>
<p>*The super dense <strong>clay</strong> that we removed from the sink holes....what to do with it? We could export it off the property. But I like the idea of finding a way to use it. Jerry (and Brian) had the idea of making a U-shaped corral with layers of clay, straw and chicken manure, and keeping a compost pile in the corral. Then as the compost decomposes, we'll scrape a little of the clay mixture into into and incorporate that into the garden beds. We might also use some of the clay to build up sections of the swale ditches and spill ways if we need to raise them up a bit.</p>
<p></p>
<p>I'm excited to see how the swales work and to know that we can change them in subtle ways as the needs arise.</p>
<p></p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Anyone who attended this swale making event and remembers more attributes or functions of swales please add them below in the comment section.</strong></span></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>8. The Swale Making Event!!tag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-26:2723460:BlogPost:915382013-06-26T04:37:26.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>First we'd like to thank those who participated last weekend in our swale making event. Thanks to Brian Kerkvliet who taught us and led us every step of the way. He did so with an easy going attitude and a passion for this work that he loves to do as well as a fantastic amount of knowledge.</p>
<p>Thanks to Larry Williams who operated the excavator. Janaki Kilgore and Kevin Finnigan participate from beginning to end, learning and working on every aspect of the project. Special thanks to…</p>
<p>First we'd like to thank those who participated last weekend in our swale making event. Thanks to Brian Kerkvliet who taught us and led us every step of the way. He did so with an easy going attitude and a passion for this work that he loves to do as well as a fantastic amount of knowledge.</p>
<p>Thanks to Larry Williams who operated the excavator. Janaki Kilgore and Kevin Finnigan participate from beginning to end, learning and working on every aspect of the project. Special thanks to Janaki for bringing delicious dessert and a box of starts for the finished swales.</p>
<p>Thanks to Andrew Eckels and Naomi Gibson for joining us on Saturday and getting their hands in the dirt as we sculpted the swales. Thanks to Celt Shira who swooped in near the end with some much needed landscape fabric.</p>
<p>Thanks to our lovely hens who stood by patiently while we made a lot of noise which they aren't used to. And thanks to our beloved Kitty who gave up her usual run of the house so we could tromp in and out. And thanks to the land that supports us.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Here's the site before we started the work:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477618?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477618?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>First Brian gives us an overview of the design process of swales for our property:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231478613?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231478613?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>It's always helpful to refer to some visual aids and Permaculture design principles.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231479515?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231479515?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Janaki and Kevin use the A frame to find and mark the level path of the contour. Janaki sets a stake.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480223?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480223?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>If you look closely you can see the stakes and the faint line of flour that marks where the swale ditch will be dug:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480633?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480633?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>David is ready to go to work:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231481131?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231481131?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Angela is ready too:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483789?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231483789?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Larry gets to work with the excavator:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484169?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231484169?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Here's a deep sink hole. We'll have two in each swale. They are about 4 to 5 feet deep. We will add gravel and then cover that with soil to the level of the rest of the swale ditch. The sink hole will collect excess water that will then be available for plants above rather than flowing off the property or keeping the top soil too soggy:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231485125?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231485125?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>We make one of the sink holes into a Hugelkultur. It will be filled with brush then topped with soil and perennial plants. The brush will act as a sponge absorbing water and slowly breaking down, enriching the soil. Here David is cutting brush for the Hugelkultur;<a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231486383?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231486383?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Kevin and Larry jump on the brush to pack it down in the hole. Janaki prepares more brush:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231486826?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231486826?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Naomi joined us and here she and others are fine tuning the swale ditch:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231487236?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231487236?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>And here's Andrew and Brian breaking the clumps and shaving the ditch edge to make the swale edges less abrupt:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231508502?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231508502?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>The spill way between the upper swale and the lower swale is roughed out. It's on the left. That will also need to be refined and some additional shaping to slow and spread the water flow in the super rainy seasons.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231487853?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231487853?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Keetah watching over things from a safe place:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509006?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509006?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Refinement is nearly done. On the berm we'll plant cover crop seed and work on increasing the soil microbe life and biomass. In the ditch we'll plant grass seed and I'll keep that scythed for mulch:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509054?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509054?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p> Kevin continues breaking clumps and making the other berm ready for planting:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509331?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509331?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p><br/> After the swales were shaped, we planted cover crop seeds and lightly spread hay to protect the seeds. Then we added some plants. Here we have blueberry bushes and Janaki planting some starts that she brought:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509673?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231509673?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Here's what the hugelkultur part of the swale looks like after it was filled and planted. After a year it will settle more and we'll plant some kind of fruit tree:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231510052?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231510052?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Here's the other swale. David planted his young apple tree near the end:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480282?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480282?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Here's a final shot of one swale, We added a board over it to make a way to run a wheel barrow across. Later we will decide if we want to build a little bridge or use a culvert and a raised path over the top.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231529032?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231529032?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a>This coming Sunday we will have another work party and learning event starting at 9 am. We'll be finishing the sink holes by adding a liner and large gravel. We'll need help hauling gravel with wheel barrows and doing some finishing work shaping the swales. <span style="color: #993366;"><strong>If you'd like to join us give a call at 733-3541</strong></span>. I'll be making a lunch for everyone. And Brian will be giving an overview of swales and the design process. It will be a great opportunity to see swales in the making and to hear Brian share his wealth of knowledge. Plus it will be fun. Lets hope the weather will be conducive.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>7. Swale making: Concerns About Compliance With City and State Regulationstag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-20:2723460:BlogPost:916012013-06-20T15:30:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p></p>
<div class="postbody"><div class="xg_user_generated"><p>In spreading the word about our swale making event, David sent the announcement to a number of people and organizations we thought might be interested in attending.</p>
<p>From one of those people we received back a reply - from Eli Maciewicz, <span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Engineering Technician,</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">City of Bellingham Public Works Department. In his letter Eli, expressed concern about how the…</span></p>
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<p></p>
<div class="postbody"><div class="xg_user_generated"><p>In spreading the word about our swale making event, David sent the announcement to a number of people and organizations we thought might be interested in attending.</p>
<p>From one of those people we received back a reply - from Eli Maciewicz, <span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">Engineering Technician,</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">City of Bellingham Public Works Department. In his letter Eli, expressed concern about how the earth moving aspect of making swales could impact environment and neighbors, and whether or not we are aware of city and state regulations for such activities. Eli brought up really good points. David did some research on these issues and replied to Eli. We ended up realizing this would be a really good thing to share with others...these questions about the larger environment impacts, potential impact on neighbors and city/state regulations. So, posted with his permission, here's</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">1. Eli's letter to us, followed by</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">2. David's response, and finally</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">3. Eli's response back:<br/></span></p>
<p></p>
<p><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5463" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Hi David,</span></p>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Thanks so much for forwarding this along. I, both personally and professionally, support your effort and have no doubt that your work has the best of intentions. However, I would be abdicating my responsibilities as a water quality professional working for the City if I didn’t make a few quick suggestions to ensure that things get done the right way. You don’t have any responsibility to listen to my advice – so take this with a grain of salt… (and, of course, if you don’t live within City limits you can stop reading now…)</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">First, I would be very careful that you aren’t digging these swales in a wetland or wetland buffer. If you gave me the address, I could search for any known wetlands we have in our inventory. Disturbance of a wetland is a very serious action and is generally heavily regulated. Plus, digging swales in a wetland could be worse for the environment and water quality. The City, State, and Army Corps of Engineers has the right to order you to reverse any work you do that harms a wetland, even if the work – or its impact - isn’t discovered for many years after you’ve done it.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Secondly, you have to be careful that your swales don’t push water onto your neighbors’ property. Although the City does not regulate this activity, State Law expressly prohibits new projects taking water from your property and dumping onto your neighbor, and if they complained about your work they would likely win in court. Just a head’s up.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Finally, earthwork (digging swales, grading, clearing) in excess of 500 square feet within the City requires a stormwater permit and inspection. I don’t know if you’ve submitted for a permit or not, and I can’t make you do it, but if a neighbor calls or an inspector comes across the work you would be shut down and fined. This has been the law since 1998. All earthwork requires erosion and sediment controls to prevent the exposed soil from being washed away during a rain storm. I understand that you have good intentions, but intentions are not considered in the permitting process, only the facts. To protect our water resources, we have to ensure that all work is held to the most environmentally-protective standards, which are very stringent in Bellingham. I hope you understand the purpose.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Please don’t hesitate to let me know if you need references or resources for any of the above.</span></div>
<div><p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5495" class="yiv7879257234MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75pt;"><b id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5494"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5493" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;">Eli Mackiewicz</span></b></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5497" class="yiv7879257234MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75pt;"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5496" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black;">Engineering Technician, CESCL</span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5499" class="yiv7879257234MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75pt;"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5498" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black;">Homeowner Incentive Program<br/> City of Bellingham Public Works Department<br/> <br/> Public Works Operations: (360) 778 - 7700<br/> Direct 778-7742</span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5503" class="yiv7879257234MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75pt;"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5502" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black;"><a rel="nofollow" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5501" target="_blank" href="mailto:emackiewicz@cob.org" name="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5501"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_5500" style="color: blue;">emackiewicz@cob.org</span></a></span></p>
<p class="yiv7879257234MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black;"><span style="color: blue;">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</span></span></p>
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<div>Hello Eli,</div>
<div>Thank you for your reply and sharing your concerns about compliance with city and state regulations, as well as care for environment and water quality. <br/> <br/> We are not in a wetland area (I checked the city map of wetlands and made sure). The swales will be installed near the highest elevations on our property. It does not collect water there like a pond, or swamp, or wetland, but because it does not drain well, it is not dry enough in spring to plant a garden where we would like. <br/> <br/> The swales are being designed to catch, store, sink, and spread the water on our own property - to put it to best use, rather than finding ways to drain it off or shunt it onto neighbors property. These are NOT ditches designed to divert water. Two consultants have provided the opinion that a significant part of the excess water on our property now is due to runoff from neighbors to either side, where they have several large buildings with downspouts going right onto the ground and heading our way, as well as possibly from a neighbor's fountain that may be leaking. <br/> <br/> Our swales will be dug on contour to hold the water, and the soil we dig up will be used to make a berm to absorb the water from the swales. The berms will be planted with mostly edible plants to take up that water. So we'll have raised garden beds, and reduced need for using city water. Spillways will be created to direct excess water to the next swale, with the final balance directed to the low spot on the property where the water naturally runs. <br/> <br/> Our swales (likely 2, but 3 max) will be small and shallow - gentle curves appropriate for an urban property, and definitely less than 500 sq. feet. <br/> <br/> Thank you again for taking the time to reply. It was good to get your feedback, and I hope I have assuaged your concerns. <br/><div><span> </span></div>
<div> David</div>
<div>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</div>
<div><p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16895" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16897" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Hi David,</span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16896" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16891" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16890" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Thank you for the well-reasoned response and your protective approach to this project. I wish you nothing but the best of luck in your efforts. As someone whose job it is to help homeowners in the Lake Whatcom Watershed do voluntary projects for stormwater and nutrient management, I have seen great projects go sideways due simply to a lack of forethought (sometimes on my part, too). It sounds like you have it all under control and have taken into consideration all of the appropriate planning steps. I applaud your effort, which is above and beyond the typical homeowner-level approach - although with your training, it looks like you’re trying to raise that bar. Good on you.</span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16889" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16887" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16888" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">If you are working with a consultant, landscape designer, or contractor who has not yet heard of the opportunities to get involved with our pool of motivated homeowners, please feel free to pass my information along. Information about the program I administer, the Homeowner Incentive Program (HIP), can be found on the City’s website, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.cob.org/services/environment/lake-whatcom/homeowner-incentive-program.aspx">here</a>. </span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16869" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16899" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16898" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Regarding your neighbors’ drainage, the best hope I can offer is that City Code will require them to manage that runoff when/if the roof is replaced (replacement means structure and shingles, not just shingles) – as long as they do the right thing and get a permit. That, I cannot guarantee, of course. Our code allows “historical” drainage systems (which were originally designed in ye olden days when we treated rainwater like a waste product instead of a resource) to stay in place as long as they are not modified. Modern, low-impact systems are much more thoughtfully designed to both manage runoff and reuse rainwater for beneficial purposes. Perhaps your effort will be the impetus that motivates your neighbors to bring their drainage system up to 21<sup>st</sup> century standards.</span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16900" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16902" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16901" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">If you need help on your project, be it a confirmation of something you’re pretty sure is right or a request for information about a new or emerging strategy which you know nothing about, please don’t hesitate to call or email me anytime. While I can only supply financial assistance for Lake Whatcom Watershed homeowners, <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>I can provide technical assistance to any City resident, at their request.</strong></span></span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16903" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16905" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16904" style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Good luck on your project and the training. <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>You can tell all of your participants the same thing I told you about free technical assistance being available – even if they don’t live in the City proper.</strong></span> Thanks again for your thoughtful reply to my initial email.</span></p>
<p class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;"> </span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16914" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: #1f497d;">Sincerely,</span></p>
<p id="yui_3_7_2_1_1371743030981_16912" class="yiv4804828312MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;">Eli Mackiewicz</span></b></p>
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<p></p>6. Swale Making Preparations: The Excavator, And Sink Hole Supplies; Gravel and Brushtag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-20:2723460:BlogPost:916952013-06-20T14:54:55.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>More preparations for our swale making event....</p>
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<p><strong>Excavator</strong>: We decide which excavator would be the smallest that will still do the job. The smaller the machine the less weight and so the less compacting of the soil. We actually did the research weeks ago. Brian decided which one he'd like to use and I called around to compare prices for renting one. He decided on a Kabota KX 41:…</p>
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<p>More preparations for our swale making event....</p>
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<p><strong>Excavator</strong>: We decide which excavator would be the smallest that will still do the job. The smaller the machine the less weight and so the less compacting of the soil. We actually did the research weeks ago. Brian decided which one he'd like to use and I called around to compare prices for renting one. He decided on a Kabota KX 41:</p>
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<p><a style="width: 227px; height: 185px; left: 0px;" href="http://www.google.com/imgres?client=firefox-a&hs=ngj&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1366&bih=567&tbm=isch&tbnid=OV1pwrBnln53hM:&imgrefurl=http://www.eurokasyba.lt/index.php%3Fpage%3DEkskavatoriu-krautuvu-nuoma-Vilniuje-865936773---UAB-EUROKASYBA&docid=N69LnZwsaOKJ_M&imgurl=http://www.eurokasyba.lt/uploads/images/Ekskavatoriu%252520nuoma/Kubota%252520KX41-V3.jpg&w=850&h=638&ei=wf7BUZOTM4TziQLf7IDoCA&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:18,s:0,i:135&iact=rc&page=2&tbnh=185&tbnw=227&start=12&ndsp=18&tx=193&ty=125" class="rg_l"><img src="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRIWGWp_-N8gmRrldTGbtsTFWFhpcQj5ggTRt2pleDRVPg96D656w" style="width: 247px; height: 185px; margin-left: -13px; margin-right: -7px; margin-top: 0px;" class="rg_i" name="OV1pwrBnln53hM:" id="OV1pwrBnln53hM:"/></a></p>
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<p>For the <strong>sink holes</strong> we need brush and gravel. The sink holes will be deep cylindrical wells where the water can drain into and be stored when there is excess. After the holes are dug out we will fill them with gravel, brush and top with soil.</p>
<p>Here's the 1.5 inch "washed" rounded rock:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231505839?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231505839?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a>Here's the brush pile we've been accumulating:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231511199?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231511199?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a>A garden beauty about to shake off her hull to greet the world:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231511386?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231511386?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a>Ahhhhh!!!!</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231550555?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231550555?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
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<p></p>5. Swale Making Preparations ~ Using the A Frame to Map Contour Linestag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-18:2723460:BlogPost:915832013-06-18T14:30:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>Using the map of the elevation lines on the property to roughly gauge where the contours are, David used the A frame to plot the course of contour lines across the property where we plan to carve the swales.</p>
<p>Using this map with elevation contour lines:</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476549?profile=original" target="_self">2010_AP_wContourLinesFeet.pdf</a></p>
<p>Using a level and a plumb line to find the level spots at this contour…</p>
<p>Using the map of the elevation lines on the property to roughly gauge where the contours are, David used the A frame to plot the course of contour lines across the property where we plan to carve the swales.</p>
<p>Using this map with elevation contour lines:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476549?profile=original">2010_AP_wContourLinesFeet.pdf</a></p>
<p>Using a level and a plumb line to find the level spots at this contour line:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477072?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477072?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a>Next, putting a stake in to mark that spot....</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477846?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477846?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>Back in the previous post there were some videos showing how this is done...see:</p>
<p><a href="http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profiles/blogs/swale-making-preparations-the-a-frame-1">http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profiles/blogs/swale-making-preparations-the-a-frame-1</a></p>
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<p>And it always helps to have a nice kitty doing rollie-zollies in the grass nearby.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231478449?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231478449?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
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<p></p>4. Swale Making Preparations ~ The A Frametag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-10:2723460:BlogPost:911532013-06-10T19:00:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>David built this A frame with a plumb line:</p>
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<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476648?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476648?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"></img></a></p>
<p>OK I thought it was going to be easy to describe how you use the A frame to mark the contour lines of the land....but it's actually difficult to put into words. So I'm including a couple videos that do a decent job of showing and explaining it.</p>
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<p>Check out these videos on how to use an A…</p>
<p>David built this A frame with a plumb line:</p>
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<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476648?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476648?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>OK I thought it was going to be easy to describe how you use the A frame to mark the contour lines of the land....but it's actually difficult to put into words. So I'm including a couple videos that do a decent job of showing and explaining it.</p>
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<p>Check out these videos on how to use an A Frame...we haven't used ours yet.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlu66Pombuo" target="_blank">Using the A frame</a> to map out contour lines on the land.</p>
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<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/wlu66Pombuo?wmode=opaque" frameborder="0"></iframe>
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<p>Here's another version of using an A frame:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEcM2X3GDZM" target="_blank">Using the A Frame</a></p>
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<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/SEcM2X3GDZM?wmode=opaque" frameborder="0"></iframe>
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<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231479373?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231479373?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p></p>3. Meanwhile.....In Another Part of the Garden....tag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-07:2723460:BlogPost:913182013-06-07T14:00:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p>We are getting ready to shape the earth in a wet part of our property. See previous posts to follow the process. (<a href="http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profiles/blogs/water-collects-and-does-not-drain-well" target="_self">Part 1</a> and <a href="http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profiles/blogs/swale-making-next-steps-maps-of-property" target="_self">Part 2</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Now for the existing garden beds</strong>.....In a shadier location, but with much dryer soil. This would be a…</p>
<p>We are getting ready to shape the earth in a wet part of our property. See previous posts to follow the process. (<a href="http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profiles/blogs/water-collects-and-does-not-drain-well" target="_self">Part 1</a> and <a href="http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profiles/blogs/swale-making-next-steps-maps-of-property" target="_self">Part 2</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Now for the existing garden beds</strong>.....In a shadier location, but with much dryer soil. This would be a good place grow greens. But those boxy linear beds have to go. I've thought about this for 3 years and used the beds as is. While there are some advantages with raised beds in wood frames, these beds where not very high and really restricted movement. All the landscape fabric suffocates soil life. And the treated wood....treated with stuff I don't want in the soil anyway.</p>
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<p>I am currently taking out all the (treated) wood, plastic and landscape fabric that line the paths between the beds. Here's what it looked like before I started:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231475953?profile=original"><img class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231475953?profile=original" width="640"/></a>There were 10 of these beds each about 18 feet long and 3 feet wide. The paths all around the beds have gravel and landscape fabric about 6 to 8 inches down. The beds were framed with treated wood and black plastic. I got all the treated wood out last fall. I'm in the middle of taking out the landscape fabric.</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477363?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477363?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
<p>I'm deconstructing them by hand. That's tough work as the paths have of course been compacted from years of being walked on. But I can almost feel the relief of the earth as the soil is dug up.....and it can breath. Surely not much soil life could have lived in that condition. After feeling really stifled by those rectangles all in a row...The fun part is reshaping the beds to be roughly on contour. That turns out to be diagonal to the way the beds used to be. The arrangement has some gentle curves emerging:</p>
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<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480627?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480627?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
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<p>...here is another set of beautiful curves:<a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231481530?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231481530?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>
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<p></p>2. Swale making ~ Next steps: Maps of propertytag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-06:2723460:BlogPost:912152013-06-06T21:30:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
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<p>The next step for getting ready to create swales was to find an aerial map of our property. We found the most current one taken just before we bought the place in 2010. The photo shows where buildings and trees are located. And also a map with the elevation contour lines. And finally sketch on the map where the swales will be located. <strong><span style="color: #ff00ff;">If you only look at one of the following links try the 3rd one. It has the 3 superimposed</span></strong> - the…</p>
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<p>The next step for getting ready to create swales was to find an aerial map of our property. We found the most current one taken just before we bought the place in 2010. The photo shows where buildings and trees are located. And also a map with the elevation contour lines. And finally sketch on the map where the swales will be located. <strong><span style="color: #ff00ff;">If you only look at one of the following links try the 3rd one. It has the 3 superimposed</span></strong> - the aerial photo, the contour lines (in magenta) and the sketch of the possible swales (brown and blue).</p>
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<p>1. Aerial photo of our property:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231477188?profile=original">2010_APhoto.pdf</a></p>
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<p>2. Next we found an aerial map with elevation contour lines on top:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476549?profile=original">2010_AP_wContourLinesFeet.pdf</a></p>
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<p>Finally Brian sketched in on top of the map and contour lines, where we might put swales. Nice job Brian!</p>
<p>3. Added swales on map of property:</p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231478949?profile=original">D%26Aland2.pdf</a></p>
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<p>Our plan is to focus on creating the top two or three swales that are outlined on the map. That's where it's the wettest and also the sunniest. Probably not put a pond in at this time.</p>
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<p><strong>Next post:</strong></p>
<p>Creating an 'A' frame with a plumb bob to stake out the high points of the contour lines.</p>
<p>And reserving an excavator.</p>
<p>Join us on June 22 and 23 as we create swales. See the event <a href="http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/events/urban-earthworks-a-terra-forming-workshop" target="_self">HERE</a></p>
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<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480157?profile=original"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231480157?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></a></p>1. Water Collects and does not drain well.....tag:transitionwhatcom.ning.com,2013-06-03:2723460:BlogPost:911282013-06-03T16:30:00.000ZAngela MacLeodhttp://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/profile/AngelaMacLeod
<p><font size="2">Three years ago we bought our first house on a 1/2 acre in the Birchwood Neighborhood. We chose this size of a lot in order to grow food and keep chickens. It's been so beautiful to get to know this place and we started out working in the existing garden beds and just getting to know the property for a while without doing any major changes.</font></p>
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<p><font size="2">During these 3 years, we have continued to notice places where water collects and does not drain…</font></p>
<p><font size="2">Three years ago we bought our first house on a 1/2 acre in the Birchwood Neighborhood. We chose this size of a lot in order to grow food and keep chickens. It's been so beautiful to get to know this place and we started out working in the existing garden beds and just getting to know the property for a while without doing any major changes.</font></p>
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<p><font size="2">During these 3 years, we have continued to notice places where water collects and does not drain well. Because of this, the sunniest place on our lot is not good for gardening until late in the gardening season.</font></p>
<p><font size="2">Having lived for a time at Inspiration Farm, we noticed how Brian Kerkvliet effectively uses swales as a way to "catch, store, sink and spread" the energy resource we call water. </font> <font size="2">Brian offered to help us create swales on our property to deal with the soggy earth so we can make more land available to grow food. <br/></font></p>
<p><font size="2">This blog will be about our process as we get ready to sculpt the earth to create better drainage for gardening and as a way to deal with the excess water.</font></p>
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<p><font size="2">The first step has been living here for several years mainly observing and interaction with <span style="text-decoration: underline;">the land as it is</span>. I've made use of the established garden beds. While the soil drains better there, there is barely enough sun reaching these beds for a thriving garden. Here are the existing beds...lots of shade here:<br/></font></p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231475953?profile=original"><font size="2"><img class="align-center" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231475953?profile=original" width="640"/></font></a></p>
<p><font size="2">I noticed that several more hours of sun a day reached another part of the property and proceed to turn the grass into a new garden space. That location seemed a bit higher in elevation but it turned out to be wetter. I've had to wait until June for the soil to be drained enough to plant. That was OK for summer to early fall plantings, but that's rather limited.</font></p>
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<p><font size="2">In the meantime, we have been wondering how so much water seems to end up in our land. When it rains hard we get a pond about 20 feet in diameter and up to 10 inches deep. It takes a couple days to drain. We talked to the previous owners and learned that they had put in a drain for this water and that connects into the curtain drain around the house. This then connects to the city drain at the street. We also learned some about the history of the property and some of what nearby neighbors have been doing with their water management. The properties adjacent to us on either side both have substantial buildings (less ground to absorb water), and the elevation lines appear to tip the water towards our property. (We might want a pond at some point but not ready for that yet).</font></p>
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<p><font size="2">There have been many times in these 3 years that I have wandered the property looking at everything, discussing with David what we might add, what we might take away and where everything goes.....Optimal locations for chickens, berries, compost, fruit trees, new shed, greenhouse, clothes line, croquet course, tent for guests, where does the sun shine through the day, what direction does the wind predominantly blow, etc etc...I've gotten better at letting the questions hang without being answered immediately, just living with them as we continue to work the gardens and get to know the feel of the earth at this spot.</font></p>
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<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476470?profile=original"><font size="2"><img width="750" class="align-full" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/2231476470?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="750"/></font></a></p>
<p><font size="2">After this 3 years of observing, interacting and mulling....we've decided we are ready to take Brian</font> <font size="2"><font size="2">up</font> on his offer to create swales here.</font></p>
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<p><font size="2">Next post I will write about what we are doing to get ready for the earth sculpting event. If you are interested in participating in this event see our event announcement <a href="http://transitionwhatcom.ning.com/events/urban-earthworks-a-terra-forming-workshop" target="_self">HERE</a>.</font></p>
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